Challenging such payments generally depends on the legal basis of the HOAs' authority and the specific agreements or covenants binding the property. To determine the answer you'll need to review the property's deed and any covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs) associated with both HOAs. These documents typically outline the obligations of property owners, including the payment of dues.

It's not uncommon for a property to be part of more than one HOA, especially in planned communities or areas with overlapping jurisdictions (e.g., a master-planned community with a sub-association).